Background: Air pollution in large cities is one of the main difficulties that have harmful effects on humans and cause various diseases including cancers. So, present study with aim of determination the relation between air pollution and Incidence rate of two most common cancer in Tehran were performed. Methods: at first, hourly data of pollutants including of CO, NO2, O3, SO2, PM10 were taken from the environmental protection agency Tehran and Air Quality Control Company and Archived documents of Disease data were acquired from Iran University of Medical Sciences. Then, descriptive studies were performed on criteria air pollutants and dependent variable. Finally, inferential tests such as Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression were used to determine the relationship between air pollution and the incidence rate of lung and Hematologic neoplasms. Results: Results showed there was significant relationship between PM10/O3 and incidence rate of lung and Hematologic neoplasms among men and women. The correlation of coefficients between PM10 and O3 with Number of cases of disease in men and women were 0. 904, 0. 882, 0. 924, 0. 931, 0. 856, 0. 949, 0. 976, 0. 860 respectively. Conclusion: According to the results, there were positive relationship between PM10/O3 and incidence rate of lung and Hematologic neoplasms among men and women. Due to the high level of ozone and airborne particles and their health consequences, Continuous and further prevention and control measures should be developed to alleviate the situation of the two air pollutants.

2Background and Aims: Simulation-based medical education is effective for developing and improving critical care-related clinical skills training and reducing patient safety threats. The present study aimed to describe the technological approach of building and evaluating a prototype of a lung Box (LB) mechanical ventilation simulator. Materials and Methods: In this practical study with an analytical approach, the device's body, constructed from 5 mm plexiglass sheets, occupies a respiratory circuit, an airflow obstruction system, a pressure gauge manometer, a spring-loaded manual system to apply limits on the bag inflation range, a tidal volume measurement system, a respiratory trigger simulator system, and a four-layer accordion-style plastic bag assembly that can be inflated and deflated with air. Additionally, there is a user manual storage box along with it. Results: The design and drawing of the device's map were performed with AutoCAD software, and the parts were assembled after laser cutting. The device was connected to the ICU ventilator, and the respiratory mode of continuous forced ventilation was selected. Prior to ventilation, the tidal volumes were selected to be 0.60, 0.55, 0.50, 0.45, and 0.40 ml, and respiratory rates were set as 18, 15, 12, and 9 bpm. The simulation of the respiratory trigger was performed with different values ​​of flow sensitivity (0.05-15 lit/min). There was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05) in terms of the reproducibility of the values ​​of the selected variables for the test lung (TL) with those chosen for LB. Conclusion: In this technical study, a prototype educational mechanical ventilation simulator was developed and functionally tested using the concepts of fluid dynamics and respiratory physiology. Compared with conventional TL, this device is accurate and efficient enough.

Background and purpose: lung cancer is a public health problem worldwide. Identifying the epidemiological characteristics of involved patients can play an important role in designing analytical studies. The aim of this study was to identify the epidemiology of patients with lung cancer attending Tooba clinic and Imam Khomeini Hospital in Sari, Iran.Materials and methods: In this descriptive study, a sample size of 229 patients with lung cancer were chosen using census sampling. SPSS V22 was used for data analysis applying descriptive and analytic tests.Results: Of 229 patients, 74.2% were males. The mean ages of male and female patients were 63.4±12.6 and 64.6±12.01, respectively, indicating no significant difference between the two groups (P=0.534). The majority of samples (78.6%) had non-small-cell-lung cancer and the method of diagnosis was biopsy in 88.9%. The most and least common sites of involvement were the upper edge of the right lung (22.3%) and the upper lobe of the left lung (18.8%), respectively. Among the patients, 85.1% were in stage IV and chemotherapy was the main treatment in most of the patients (57%).Conclusion: This study showed that men were more infected with lung cancer. We found that the average age of female patients was slightly more than that of male patients. Most of the patients were diagnosed with non-small cell lung carcinoma. The majority of patients were diagnosed at higher stages that were made at advanced and metastatic stages.